Scientific Knowledge Answers

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A
objective
B
observable
C
proven
D
subjective
2
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Which characteristic should describe all evidence collected by a scientist?

A
true
B
obvious
C
objective
D
subjective
3

Which best describes why it is important for a scientist to use the metric system when recording data?

A
so the data can be proven in the scientist’s next experiment
B
so the data can be shared and understood around the world
C
so the data can be used in mathematical formulas and models
D
so the data can be accurate and precise in each experiment
4

lifenatureEarthbeliefs

A
life
B
nature
C
Earth
D
beliefs
5

Which statements describe characteristics of pseudoscience? Select three options.Pseudoscience is often based only on opinions.Pseudoscience is based on objective observations.Pseudoscience requires systematic experiments.Pseudoscience often involves explanations of beliefs.Pseudoscience includes subjective ideas.Pseudoscience is cyclical and changes based on new data.

A
Pseudoscience is often based only on opinions.
B
Pseudoscience is based on objective observations.
C
Pseudoscience requires systematic experiments.
D
Pseudoscience often involves explanations of beliefs.
E
Pseudoscience includes subjective ideas.
F
Pseudoscience is cyclical and changes based on new data.
6

Which is a characteristic of pseudoscience?

A
resistance to change
B
continually changing
C
involves a step-by-step method
D
updated by new technology
7

Which best describes scientific facts?

A
observable and objective
B
true and subjective
C
unsupported and believed
D
estimated and unquestioned
8

Alchemy is the process of trying to turn non-gold metals into gold. It was practiced hundreds of years ago by scientists who believed that with the right amounts of heat or chemical reactions, they could make gold. After years of experiments and observations, gold was never produced.

A
Alchemy was scientific, because scientists practiced it.
B
Alchemy was scientific, because it included observations and experiments.
C
Alchemy was pseudoscientific, because beliefs came before any observations of success.
D
Alchemy was pseudoscientific, because some successful experiments inspired others.
9

Which best explains how and why scientific knowledge is continually expanded and improved?

A
The scientific process flows in one direction and finds only facts that support a scientist’s original idea.
B
The scientific process is cyclical so that new facts inspire questions that lead to new studies.
C
Once explanations are found to be true, they do not need to be questioned; then scientists can stop studying the topic.
D
Once facts are found through experiments and observations, other scientists do not need to repeat the experiments.
11

In March 2015, the American space program sent astronaut Scott Kelly to live on a space station for a whole year, where he will not feel gravity as the space station orbits Earth. Scott Kelly’s twin brother, Mark, stayed at home. Scientists then plan to study the twins’ body chemistry, genetics, sight, and other data. This way, scientists can find out how living with and without gravity affects two identical people.

A
There are ethical controversies over testing human subjects.
B
There are probably very few astronauts with twin siblings.
C
There are too many complexities involved in studying body chemistry, genetics, and sight.
D
There is probably not enough technology to keep someone in space for an entire year.
12

Consider the cycle of science shown in the diagram.

Question illustration
A
An explanation inspires new questions and the process of making new observations.
B
A fact inspires new questions and the process of making new observations.
C
A careful systematic process is used in experiments to gather observations and data.
D
A fact is established and more data is needed to convince scientists that it is true.
13

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A
explanation
B
hypothesis
C
objective
D
observation
14

After scientists use a careful process to gather evidence and establish scientific facts, which step most likely occurs next in the scientific process?

A
conducting experiments
B
testing new conditions
C
studying new topics
D
determining explanations
15

Meditation is a practice of sitting still and quiet for minutes or even hours. It has been practiced for thousands of years and is even a part of religious practices for some people. Carefully controlled, repeated measurements of brain activity have shown that meditation does increase certain chemicals in the brain and even grows the part of the brain that helps people connect with their current surroundings and activities.

A
scientific, because people have been claiming for thousands of years that meditation helps them
B
scientific, because observations of brain growth and chemicals are made carefully and repeatedly
C
pseudoscientific, because practices that are related to religion are based on beliefs and are subjective
D
pseudoscientific, because people have made claims about it but scientific observations have not been made
16

Lichens are a type of parasitic organism that often grow on rocks and trees in areas with dirty, polluted air.

Question illustration
A
process and facts, because they are using a systematic method to measure and then record data
B
process and facts, because they are observing lichens and air quality and describing why they are related
C
explanation and process, because they are using a systematic method to measure and then record data
D
explanation and process, because they are observing lichens and air quality and describing why they are related

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