AnswersEnglish II CRThe Art of Argument

The Art of Argument — Test Answers

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Which sentence from Reagan’s "Tear Down This Wall” speech is the best example of hyperbole?

A
“I find in Berlin a message of hope, even in the shadow of this wall, a message of triumph.”
B
“The sign read simply: ‘The Marshall Plan is helping here to strengthen the free world.’”
C
“Throughout the Pacific, free markets are working miracle after miracle of economic growth.”
D
“In Europe, only one nation and those it controls refuse to join the community of freedom.”
4

Read the paragraph from John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom—and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required—not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. Which statement best explains how Kennedy uses a rhetorical technique to support his message?

A
He uses parallelism to reach out to different countries around the world.
B
He uses a false dilemma to contrast the worldwide impact of democracy and communism.
C
He uses a logical appeal to explain why the United States will promote democracy worldwide.
D
He uses repetition to emphasize change on the horizon for people who are struggling.
5

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. Minors of the Negro race, through their legal representatives, seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a nonsegregated basis. In each instance, they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to race. This segregation was alleged to deprive the plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment. In each of the cases other than the Delaware case, a three-judge federal district court denied relief to the plaintiffs on the so-called "separate but equal" doctrine announced by this Court in Plessy v. Ferguson , 163 U.S. 537. Under that doctrine, equality of treatment is accorded when the races are provided substantially equal facilities, even though these facilities be separate. In the Delaware case, the Supreme Court of Delaware adhered to that doctrine, but ordered that the plaintiffs be admitted to the white schools because of their superiority to the Negro schools. Which statement best describes the passage?

A
Warren explains the students’ position, then describes how it has been previously handled by the courts.
B
Warren claims that the students don’t have grounds to sue, then gives reasons why not.
C
Warren gives a history of segregation in America, then explains how the students fit into that history.
D
Warren provides reasons why segregation is permissible, then offers evidence to support the reasons.
6

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. . . . Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. What evidence does Justice Warren give for his reason in this passage?

A
anecdotal evidence, because Warren is telling personal stories about children who have experienced segregation
B
logical evidence, because Warren is drawing a reasonable conclusion that segregating children is psychologically harmful
C
empirical evidence, because Warren provides statistics to show how segregated schools are measurably different
D
historical evidence, because Warren describes how segregation of schools first began and why it has continued through the years
7

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre’” by Mark Memmott: Seventy-five years ago, thousands of Haitians were murdered in the Dominican Republic by a brutal dictator. It was one of the 20th Century's least-remembered acts of genocide. As many as 20,000 people are thought to have been killed on orders given by Rafael Trujillo. But the "parsley massacre" went mostly unnoticed outside Hispaniola. Even there, many Dominicans never knew about what happened in early October 1937. They were kept in the dark by Trujillo's henchmen. "A Genetics of Justice” by Julia Alvarez: During my early teen years in this country, I knew very little about what was actually going on in the Dominican Republic. Whenever Ia situación on the island came up, my parents spoke in hushed voices. In December 1960, four months after our arrival, Time magazine reported the murder of the three Mirabal sisters, who along with their husbands had started the national underground Dominican Republic. My parents confiscated the magazine. To our many questions about what was going on, my mother always had the ready answer, " En boca cerrada no entran moscas ." No flies fly into a closed mouth. Later, I found out that this very saying had been scratched on the lintel of the entrance of the SIM's torture center at La Cuarenta. Which statement best compares how the two authors address this topic?

A
Memmott presents facts about the dictatorship objectively, while Alvarez gives details about how it affected people.
B
Memmott gives an anecdote to tell about the dictatorship’s cruelty, while Alvarez tells about her family.
C
Memmott writes well after the events occurred, while Alvarez writes while the events are occurring.
D
Memmott tells about one event that occurred, while Alvarez tells about the dictatorship as a whole.
19

What is the difference between a Supreme Court opinion and a Supreme Court dissent?

A
An opinion is a Supreme Court decision that the majority of the judges disagree with, while a dissent agrees with the decision.
B
An opinion is a Supreme Court summary of the case, while a dissent is the final decision made on the case.
C
An opinion is a Supreme Court decision that the majority of the judges agree with, while a dissent disagrees with the decision.
D
An opinion is a Supreme Court decision suggested by one of the judges, while a dissent summarizes previous decisions on similar issues.
20

Which examples are clauses? Choose three correct answers.

A
whenever I go to the movies
B
Samir lives on Green Street.
C
tearing through the town
D
but it’s likely to rain that day
E
after the end of the school year
22

When writing an argument, it is important for writers to explain their position with

A
fair rebuttals.
B
logical reasons.
C
counterclaims.
D
topic sentences.

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