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The Enlightenment — Quiz Answers

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Read the quote by Baron de Montesquieu. When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner.

Answer:

tyranny

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Why did Montesquieu advocate the separation of powers?

A
to stop political parties from gaining too much power
B
to eliminate conflict between branches of government
C
to limit the power of any single group or person
D
to ensure power divisions along party lines
3

Which factors contributed to the beginning of the Enlightenment movement? Choose three correct answers.

A
the revival of religious belief and study
B
the advancement in all areas of human interest
C
the age of science and scientific inquiry
D
the age of reason-based inquiry
E
the resurgence of past ideas and principles
4

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the purpose of government control over citizens?

A
to erase natural human tendencies
B
to change the corrupt nature of humans
C
to create a balanced society
D
to provide safety and security
6

Which act could be considered an acceptance of the social contract?

A
observing traffic laws in exchange for driving on the highway
B
viewing commercials in exchange for watching network news broadcasts
C
paying the water bill in exchange for taking a shower
D
paying the electric bill in exchange for using electricity
7

John Locke believed that natural rights

A
should be given only to the majority.
B
do not pertain to economic issues.
C
should be limited for all people.
D
do not come from the government.
8

John Locke believed humans are

A
naturally reasonable.
B
easily be molded by authority.
C
good but corrupted by society.
D
instinctual and violent.
9

Under what circumstances did John Locke think it would be acceptable for the people to overthrow the government?

A
If the government failed to accept new natural rights, the people could overthrow the government.
B
If the people were to break the social contract and seek a different type of rule, the people could overthrow the government.
C
If the government violated the social contract, the people could overthrow the government.
D
It is never acceptable, as overthrowing the government would be a violation of the social contract.
10

Read the quote by Thomas Hobbes. Law was brought into the world for nothing else but to limit the natural liberty of particular men in such manner as they might not hurt but assist one another and join together against a common enemy. According to Hobbes, what is the primary purpose of the social contract?

A
to reduce liberty
B
to protect rights
C
to expand liberty
D
to remove rights
11

How did Niccolo Machiavelli’s ideas contribute to Enlightenment thinking?

A
He helped define natural rights.
B
He felt that law, morality, and religion were superficial.
C
He examined human nature outside of religion.
D
He argued for the separation of church and state.
12

What must people provide in order to be governed under a social contract?

A
material support for the government
B
rational consent to the government
C
allegiance to the government
D
political support for the government
13

John Locke helped develop the idea of a social contract between citizens and the

A
government.
B
church.
C
philosophers.
D
monarchy.
14

Which term is synonymous with “natural rights,” according to Enlightenment philosophers?

A
legal rights
B
divine rights
C
positive rights
D
universal rights
15

What did the philosophers of the Enlightenment seek to understand?

A
the natural rights that governed the physical universe
B
the natural rights governing human behavior and society
C
the natural rights that gave leaders absolute power
D
the natural rights behind religion’s continued power
16

John Locke thought people were neither good nor bad naturally. How did Hobbes’s views differ from Locke’s?

A
Hobbes thought people were naturally kind.
B
Hobbes thought people were naturally peaceful.
C
Hobbes thought people were naturally violent.
D
Hobbes thought people were naturally evil.
17

Enlightenment thinking on government included

A
taking a secular approach.
B
supporting divine right.
C
establishing religious doctrine.
D
using violent protest.
18

Read the quote from John Locke. "…no one [or government] ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions…and may not, unless it be to do justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, liberty, health, limb, or goods of another…" According to the quote, Locke believed that government’s main purpose is to

A
make laws that restrict people’s rights.
B
protect and preserve rights of the people.
C
make sure all groups are represented.
D
protect people from themselves.

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