Based on research conducted on obedience, all of the following would most likely increase the tendency for individuals to obey except __________.

Seeing other people defy an authority figure tends to make a person less likely to obey, so it does not increase obedience. By contrast, depersonalizing victims and viewing the authority as legitimate or respected can make obedience more likely. Therefore, the exception is “other participants are defying commands of authority.”

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