Answers 5120VB Environmental Science Sem B- BGlobal Connection: Deep Sea Ecologies

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Which of the following is required for dark reactions to take place?

light

oxygen

ATP

water

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Energy in an ecosystem flows directly from _______.

producers to tertiary consumers

producers to secondary consumers

tertiary consumers to secondary consumers

secondary consumers to tertiary consumers

Energy in higher trophic levels is greater than energy at lower trophic levels.

Which of the following statements about C4 carbon fixation is not true?

C4 carbon fixation is an adaptation for plants exposed to high light intensity.

C4 carbon fixation occurs in more plants than C3 carbon fixation.

C4 carbon fixation is more common in areas of high temperatures than C3 carbon fixation.

C4 carbon fixation occurs in the inner cells of a leaf rather than the entire leaf.

Which of the following statements about entropy is true?

Entropy increases going from one trophic level to another.

Increases in entropy lead to reversible processes.

A system’s work output is limited when changes in entropy do not occur.

All of the above

Energy in higher trophic levels is greater than energy at lower trophic levels.

Which of the following is true concerning the balance between the solar energy absorbed and radiated by Earth?

Earth’s atmosphere absorbs a larger fraction of total solar energy than it radiates.

More than 90% of the solar energy that strikes Earth is absorbed.

Earth’s surface is responsible for absorbing a larger fraction of energy than it radiates.

None of the above.

Which of the following statements about entropy is true?

Entropy increases going from one trophic level to another.

Increases in entropy lead to reversible processes.

A system’s work output is limited when changes in entropy do not occur.

All of the above

The amount of available energy changes between the trophic levels found in a food chain or energy pyramid. Photos (left to right) by Mehmet Karatay, Jens Buurgaard Nielsen, Furryscaly, and Walter Siegmund In the food chain shown, which of the following changes between trophic levels would have the highest energy conversion efficiency?

leaf to mouse

mouse to snake

snake to hawk

all changes would have the same efficiency

The relationship between the amount of energy available for use and the amount of entropy in a food chain differs between trophic levels. Why would the amount of entropy increase from one trophic level to another in a food chain or energy pyramid?

the available energy from one trophic level to another increases

energy is lost at each level as heat, which increases randomization

the amount of biomass decreases from one trophic level to another

the available energy at each level may either increase or decrease, creating randomization

Carbon fixation occurs during the light reactions.

How does energy acquisition in the deep sea differ from energy acquisition near the ocean’s surface?

Organisms in the deep sea acquire energy directly from the sun.

Organisms near the ocean’s surface rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis.

Organisms in the deep sea do not have direct access to sunlight.

Organisms in the deep sea have no means to obtain energy unless they travel to the ocean’s surface.

How is energy associated with food stored?

potential energy in chemical form

kinetic energy in chemical form

potential energy in mechanical form

kinetic energy in mechanical form

What are the two ways that organisms on the bottom of deep sea food chains acquire energy?

photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

chemosynthesis and marine snow

marine snow and photosynthesis

chemosynthesis and predation

Why is photosynthesis vital for life?

Photosynthesis helps maintain atmospheric levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis is a direct means of energy production for many organisms.

Photosynthesis is an indirect means of energy production for many organisms.

All of the above

Which of the following levels is the most efficient at energy conversion?

producers

primary consumers

secondary consumers

tertiary consumers

Which of the following is not necessary for a plant to carry out photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide

water

oxygen

sunlight

Marine snow is _______.

pieces of organic matter that were once part of living organisms

a mixture of living plankton

snow from land that has entered aquatic ecosystems

large salt crystals that have not dissolved in ocean water

Which of the following is not a possible source of energy for chemosynthetic organisms?

oil

hydrogen sulfide

methane

water

Which of the following organism does not gain energy from marine snow either directly or indirectly?

rays

crustaceans

chemosynthetic bacteria

sponges

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