AnswersCUSD Psychology 5.0Prenatal Development

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Kohlberg believed that human moral development is strongly based on the fact that we all have a desire for justice and a(n) __________.

A
impartiality for fairness
B
concern with conflicting responsibilities
C
tendency to engage in perspective taking
D
concern with competing rights
2
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A caregiver who makes few demands of one’s children and is not responsive or nurturing is displaying __________ parenting.

A
authoritarian
B
uninvolved
C
authoritative
D
permissive
3

The goodness of fit is when caregivers recognize their child’s temperament and work with it in order to raise a well-adjusted child.

A
T
B
F
4

Piaget believed that language helped foster cognitive development.

A
T
B
F
5

Vygotsky believed that learning primarily occurred through __________.

A
schemas formed from one’s experiences
B
one’s experiences with the environment
C
one’s social interactions with others
D
use of symbolism through experience
6

Which of the following is not an example of scaffolding?

A
presenting the learner with a leading question
B
asking the learner to begin working on a problem
C
showing a learner the solution to a problem
D
completing the first part of a problem for a learner
7

One who believes that wrong behavior is the behaviors that are punished is in the ___________ of moral reasoning.

A
unconventional
B
postconventional
C
preconventional
D
conventional
8

In which of Piaget’s stages would a child be if the child has just developed object permanence?

A
concrete operational
B
preoperational
C
sensorimotor
D
formal operational
9

When Marc was an infant, he did not adapt well to change, but as a preadolescent, he will eventually accept changes if they are introduced gradually. Marc is most likely __________.

A
difficult
B
easy
C
slow-to-warm-up
D
securely attached
10

Which of the following is not a parenting style?

A
authoritarian
B
disorganized
C
authoritative
D
permissive
11

Individuals in the postconventional level emphasize behaving in a manner that will not cause them to be criticized by authority figures. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
12

Lawrence Kohlberg felt that one of the only ways individuals will accomplish the objectives in each of his six stages was to participate in __________ in small group settings.

A
consensus democracy
B
obedience and punishment
C
law and order
D
ethical behaviors
13

Read the following scenario and answer the question that follows. Marley and Soncy witnessed their classmate, Josh, get into trouble by their fourth grade teacher. Marley claimed that Josh's behavior was wrong because he hurt another student and Soncy claimed that Josh's behavior was wrong because he broke the class rules. Based on Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning which of the following statements would Kohlberg agree with?

A
Marley is at a higher level of moral reasoning than Soncy.
B
Soncy is at a higher level of moral reasoning than Marley.
C
Soncy and Marley are at the same level of moral reasoning.
D
Marley reason's differently than Soncy because Marley is more mature.
14

Anxious-ambivalent children tend to be disorganized when exploring their surroundings.

A
T
B
F
15

When it comes to the development of the ability to think and reason, individuals in __________ tend to be less self-centered and begin to think about decisions that have an effect on the world around them.

A
late adolescence
B
middle adulthood
C
early adolescence
D
early adulthood
16

According to Erikson’s __________ stage of psychosocial development, children learn to trust and eventually form a close attachment to those who fills their needs.

A
trust versus mistrust
B
initiative versus guilt
C
autonomy versus shame and doubt
D
industry versus inferiority
17

Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development emphasizes that development occurs by overcoming an emotional crisis in each of the eight stages of one’s lifetime.

A
T
B
F
18

The crisis in Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage of psychosocial development is that the individual must __________.

A
be creative, productive, and nurturing
B
control one’s behavior in social situations beyond family
C
realize who or what one wants to be
D
form a close, intimate relationship with someone else
19

Which of the following statements concerning moral development is not true? Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
Children generally become better at telling the difference between moral and conventional transgressions as they age.
B
Children commonly use internal standards to reason about behavior at an early age.
C
What is determined as right or wrong is universally defined and agreed upon.
D
Parental views on what is right and wrong greatly influence children's moral reasoning.
20

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is based on one's personal code of ethics?

A
unconventional
B
conventional
C
preconventional
D
postconventional

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