Topic Test Answers

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1
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Language is generative, which means that the symbols of a language __________.

A
remain fixed, limiting the messages one can say
B
must adhere to a certain standard or set of rules
C
can be combined to generate unique messages
D
are used to represent certain ideas or events
2
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Which of the following best illustrates the use of the availability heuristic?

A
making a decision based on a rule that is generally valid and true
B
making a judgment that a problem should be broken down into subgoals
C
making a judgment that a problem should be solved using a set of operations
D
making a decision based on past experiences that are easily remembered
3

When children use the word “doggie” to refer to every four-legged animal they see, __________ occurs.

A
underextension
B
overextension
C
telegraphic speech
D
overregularization
4

In Philip’s French class, the students are learning how to pronounce closed vowels and open vowels. The students are most likely studying French __________.

A
syntax
B
phonemes
C
semantics
D
morphemes
5

A step-by-step procedure used to obtain a particular goal when in search for a problem’s solution is a(n) __________.

A
heuristic
B
algorithm
C
subgoal
D
equation
6

A problem solving method that involves trying all possible solutions until one works is using ___________.

A
an algorithm
B
trial-and-error
C
deductive reasoning
D
a heuristic
7

According to the behaviorist theories of language acquisition, language is __________.

A
learned through imitation and reinforcement
B
an innate ability in humans
C
a behavioral trait of all humans and animals
D
both a mixture of nature and nurture
8

Research indicates that animals have the same capacity for language as humans.

A
T
B
F
9

The mean length of utterance (MLU) decreases with age.

A
T
B
F
10

The abundance of choices available to people when making a decision can cause them to feel overwhelmed.

A
T
B
F
11

Which of the following statements about grammar is not true?

A
Grammar dictates how sentences can be composed.
B
Grammar consists of both syntax and semantics.
C
Grammar is a set of rules that enable communication.
D
Grammar is universal and is similar in most languages.
12

Semantics deals with understanding the meaning of __________ and __________.

A
speech units . . . language structure
B
words . . . word combinations
C
language rules . . . development
D
language skills . . . development
13

Code switching refers to the ability to alternate between languages in conversation.

A
T
B
F
14

All of the following are categories used to classify problems except problems of __________.

A
arrangement
B
inducing structure
C
transformation
D
schematic completion
15

Researchers have identified precisely 4,500 languages in the world.

A
T
B
F
16

Erica and Ryan are both taking a linguistics class in which their professor was discussing how the words “spinach” or “heart” could have been used to represent the idea of “love.” They are most likely discussing the __________ property of language in their class.

A
generative
B
symbolic
C
structured
D
generational
17

The __________ heuristic is the method in which one chooses the alternative they recognize and infers that it has greater value.

A
framing
B
recognition
C
availability
D
representativeness
18

All of the following are parts of the second step (analyzing the solution) except __________.

A
gathering information about the problem
B
generating a variety of solutions
C
distinguishing fact from opinion
D
evaluating the cause of the problem
19

How an issue is framed has an effect on decision making.

A
T
B
F
20

Phonology is the study of __________.

A
words
B
syllables
C
sounds
D
punctuation

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