What was the situation in the spring and summer of 1945, when Truman had to make his decision? Check all of the boxes that apply.

Germany had surrendered in May 1945, so Allied forces and resources could be redirected from Europe toward the Pacific. Japan’s leaders still refused to surrender, even though Japan’s ability to wage war had been badly weakened and U.S. bombing was causing heavy damage to its cities. The United States was not too depleted to invade; it had the resources to plan a major invasion, though it expected the fighting to be costly.

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