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Metals — Unit test Answers

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These models show the electron structures of two different nonmetal elements.

Question illustration
A
Element 1 is more reactive because it has fewer electron shells and is toward the top of its group on the periodic table.
B
Element 1 is more reactive because it has more electrons in its valence shell and is farther to the right on the periodic table.
C
Element 2 is more reactive because it does not have a valence shell close to the nucleus, so it will attract electrons.
D
Element 2 is more reactive because it does not have a full valence shell, so it will attract electrons.
2
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Rutherford used positively charged particles to investigate the structure of the atom. The results surprised him, and he developed the atomic model shown below.

Question illustration
A
A few positive particles bounced back because they bounced off of the net formed by the ovals.
B
A few positive particles bounced back because they were pushed away from the positive center.
C
Most positive particles passed through because of the empty space between the outer edge and the center.
D
Most positive particles passed through because they were attracted by the small particles moving around the center.
3

Students are completing a table about a particular subatomic particle that helps make up an atom.What best explains how they should complete the table?

Question illustration
A
with “Inside the nucleus,” because the particle is a proton
B
with “Inside the nucleus,” because the particle is a neutron
C
with “Outside the nucleus,” because the particle is a proton
D
with “Outside the nucleus,” because the particle is an electron
4

What is the predicted order of first ionization energies from highest to lowest for lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and rubidium (Rb)?

A
Rb > K > Na > Li
B
K > Rb > Na > Li
C
Li > Na > K > Rb
D
Rb > K > Li > Na
5

The model below shows an atom of an element.

Question illustration
A
6
B
8
C
9
D
16
6

While looking at bromine (Br) on the periodic table, a student needs to find another element with very similar chemical properties but with a different atomic mass. Which best describes the student’s options?

A
There are two possible elements, and they are directly to the left and right of bromine.
B
There are two possible elements, and they are directly above and below bromine.
C
There are many possible elements, and they are all in the same vertical column as bromine.
D
There are many possible elements, and they are all in the same horizontal row as bromine.
7

Who was the first chemist to organize elements by atomic number?

A
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
B
Antoine Lavoisier
C
Henry Moseley
D
John Newlands
8

An atomic physicist determines that an atom is composed of 8 positively charged particles and has a mass of 15 amu. Which is the best conclusion that can be drawn?

A
The atom has 7 neutrons and 8 protons.
B
The atom has 7 electrons and 8 protons.
C
The atom has 8 neutrons and 7 electrons.
D
The atom has 8 electrons and 7 protons.
9

The atomic number of beryllium (Be) is 4, and the atomic number of barium (Ba) is 56. Which comparison is best supported by this information?

A
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
B
They are in the same group because they have similar chemical properties, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
C
They are in the same group because their atomic numbers are each multiples of four, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
D
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
10

Particle A has very little mass in comparison to Particle B. Both particles are in the same atom. Which is the best conclusion about Particles A and B?

A
They have the same charge.
B
They are located in the nucleus together.
C
Particle A has a positive charge, and Particle B is neutral.
D
Particle A orbits the nucleus, and Particle B is located in the nucleus.
11

Which metal is most likely to form more than one kind of positively charged ion?

A
sodium (Na)
B
barium (Ba)
C
nickel (Ni)
D
magnesium (Mg)
12

This is how manganese appears in the periodic table.

Question illustration
A
period symbol of manganese
B
isotope symbol of manganese
C
group symbol of manganese
D
chemical symbol of manganese
13

How does Rutherford’s model of the atom compare with Thomson’s model?

A
They both describe atoms as small, indivisible spheres.
B
They both describe electrons as moving around the nucleus.
C
They both describe electrons as being surrounded by the positive matter.
D
They both describe atoms as being made up of positive and negative matter.
14

What is an atomic nucleus?

A
the outer part of an atom in which electrons move
B
the outer part of an atom in which neutrons move
C
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons
D
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and electrons
15

Which scientist believed that the probable, not exact, location of the electrons of an atom can be determined by using mathematics?

A
Rutherford
B
Bohr
C
Dalton
D
Schrödinger

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