Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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Carlos arranges his notes about radioactive decay in a graphic organizer. He wants to add the labels shown.Label 1: PhotonLabel 2: PositronLabel 3: No change in mass number

Label 1: ZLabel 2: XLabel 3: Y

Label 1: XLabel 2: ZLabel 3: X

Label 1: XLabel 2: ZLabel 3: Y

Label 1: XLabel 2: ZLabel 3: Z

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Which statement describes why energy is released in a nuclear fusion reaction based on mass-energy equivalence?

For large nuclei, the mass of the original nucleus is greater than the mass of the products.

For large nuclei, the mass of the original nucleus is less than the mass of the products.

For small nuclei, the binding energy of the lighter nuclei is greater than the binding energy of the heavier nucleus.

For small nuclei, the binding energy of the lighter nuclei is less than the binding energy of the heavier nucleus.

What are the starting materials for nuclear fission?

two small nuclei

two large nuclei

a neutron and a large nucleus

a neutron and a small nucleus

Which equation represents mass-energy equivalence?

E = m2c

E = mc2

E = (mc)2

E = mc

What is the energy equivalent of an object with a mass of 1.05 g?

3.15 × 105 J

3.15 × 108 J

9.45 × 1013 J

9.45 × 1016 J

Which describes why radioisotopes can be used as tracers in studying the biological and chemical processes of plants?

The radioisotope is chemically identical to the nonradioisotope the plant normally uses.

The radioisotope is absorbed more quickly than the nonradioisotope the plant normally uses.

The radioisotope converts the nonradioisotope normally used by a plant into a radioisotope.

The radioisotope travels through the plant without participating in any chemical processes.

What is the energy equivalent of an object with a mass of 2.5 kg?

5.5 × 108 J

7.5 × 108 J

3.6 × 1016 J

2.25 × 1017 J

Gazala makes a graphic organizer to compare nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

X: Provides household electricityY: Has rods containing uranium

X: Provides household electricityY: Requires high temperature and pressure

X: Converts mass into energyY: Does not produce usable amounts of energy

X: Converts mass into energyY: Is controlled by neutron absorption

How does gamma decay differ from both alpha decay and beta decay?

No change in mass number occurs.

A nucleus becomes more stable.

No new element forms.

A nucleus releases protons and neutrons.

The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days. Chan Hee examines two samples of iodine-131.Sample 1: 10 gSample 2: 20 gWhat can Chan Hee expect to observe about the samples after 16 days?

The mass of iodine-131 in sample 1 will be 7.5 g and in sample 2 will be 16 g.

Three-fourths of each sample will have undergone radioactive decay.

Ten grams of each sample will have undergone radioactive decay.

One-half of each sample will still be iodine-131.

The diagram shows a model of a nuclear change.

nuclear fission, because nuclei combine

nuclear fission, because a nucleus breaks apart

nuclear fusion, because nuclei combine

nuclear fusion, because a nucleus breaks apart

Which statement correctly describes mass-energy equivalence?

All energy in the universe will be converted to an equivalent amount of mass.

Mass can decrease in nuclear changes without the production of energy.

All energy in the universe is a result of mass being converted into energy.

A large amount of mass is equivalent to a small amount of energy.

A 60-g sample of radioactive isotope is measured after two half-lives have passed. What pair of percentages describes the sample after two half-lives?

50% unchanged and 50% stable

25% unchanged and 75% stable

12.5% unchanged and 87.5% stable

75% unchanged and 25% stable

Which are advantages of using nuclear reactors to generate electricity? Select 3 options.

Nuclear power produces no hazardous byproducts.

Nuclear power has a high output.

Nuclear power uses nonharmful fuel.

Nuclear power is readily available.

Nuclear power produces relatively low carbon dioxide emissions.

The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5 years. How old is a sample of cobalt-60 if only one-eighth of the original sample is still cobalt-60?

5 years

10 years

15 years

20 years

[BLANK]

cobalt

uranium

carbon

technetium

Sadira makes a graphic organizer to show how geologists and archaeologists use radioisotopes.Which labels belong in the regions marked X and Y?

X: Uses carbon-14Y: Uses uranium-238

X: Uses uranium-238Y: Determines ages of objects

X: Determines ages of objectsY: Uses uranium-238

X: Uses isotopes with short half-livesY: Determines ages of objects

Which is the best predictor of the radioactive nature of an isotope?

the proton-to-electron ratio

the neutron-to-proton ratio

the neutron-to-electron ratio

the electron-to-proton ratio

The process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two lighter atoms, releasing a large amount of energy, is nuclear ______

Fusion

Fission

Radiation

Energy

Gertrude writes a short story in which the main character must enter a nuclear-powered spaceship’s engine room that has lost its shielding in order to prevent the engine from flooding the rest of the ship with radiation. The main character is not wearing protective gear.What effects are best for Gertrude to consider when planning what may happen to the character?

non-stochastic effects such as possible DNA mutations later in life resulting from the short-term, high-level exposure

non-stochastic effects such as severe burns and radiation sickness resulting from the short-term, high-level exposure

stochastic effects such as possible DNA mutations that are unlikely to occur from the single, low-level exposure

stochastic effects such as severe burns and radiation sickness resulting from the long-term, low-level exposure

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