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Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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Pedigrees are used to help geneticists understand how traits are inherited between generations. The Romanovs, a Russian royal family, had a history of hemophilia, a sex-linked disorder that is determined by a recessive allele on the X chromosome.What is the best evidence to prove that Irene was heterozygous for hemophilia?

Question illustration
A
Elizabeth is not a carrier for the trait.
B
Tatiana carried the recessive allele.
C
Her brother has hemophilia and her sister is a carrier.
D
Two of her sons have hemophilia and one does not.
2
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The use of DDT as a pesticide is an example of how new technology can have favorable and dangerous long-term outcomes. How does this relate to the use of DNA technology?

A
Only positive outcomes can result from new technology in science.
B
Scientists should conduct long-term studies of DNA technology to determine the consequences.
C
There is no connection because they are different technologies.
D
Scientists should not use new technology; they should use the methods for pest control that are already available.
3

Which most directly describes a benefit of using DNA technology in medicine?

A
Medicine can be produced in mass quantities.
B
Medicine can be distributed at a reduced cost.
C
Medicines have fewer side effects.
D
Medicines are resistant to antibiotics.
4

A young boy has been found, and police are trying to locate his family. They take a DNA sample from him and begin collecting DNA samples from families who have missing children. If police use DNA samples only from the fathers, which type of DNA technology can they use to identify the boy's parent?

A
Y-chromosome analysis
B
mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) analysis
C
VNTRs (variable tandem repeats)
D
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis
5

The process of genetic engineering may include either four or five steps. The diagram represents the five-step process.Which best describes step 2?

Question illustration
A
Restriction enzymes cut the DNA into fragments; the fragments join with the host DNA to create recombinant DNA.
B
Recombinant DNA is inserted into a biological vector; the vector houses the recombinant DNA and can produce copies of DNA for itself and the recombinant DNA.
C
Cloning of the recombinant DNA occurs; the DNA is cloned in the biological vector to create more DNA for use in the host.
D
Recombinant DNA is inserted into a mechanical vector; the mechanical vector allows the DNA to be inserted into the DNA clone for use in the host.
6

Why are scientists concerned about the use of the Bt toxin, which is used to kill insects, in genetic engineering?

A
The Bt toxin is killing too many insects.
B
The Bt toxin stays in the soil for long periods of time.
C
The Bt toxin gene is not readily accepted by plants.
D
The Bt toxin has been known to cause disease in plants.
7

Which allele combination represents a male who has an X-linked recessive disorder?

A
XrY
B
XRY
C
XrXr
D
XRXr
8

Scientists have recently modified the bacteria that cause tooth decay by inserting a fragment of DNA into the bacteria's DNA that prevents it from producing lactic acid. What is this process called?

A
genetic engineering
B
biological vector
C
mechanical vector
D
electrophoresis
9

Why might scientists be interested in making transgenic organisms?

A
Transgenic organisms glow in the dark and provide a light source in dark places.
B
Transgenic organisms can produce a desired product that may benefit other organisms.
C
Transgenic organisms can be used to cut strands of DNA molecules into fragments.
D
Transgenic organisms can be used as a medium to transfer foreign DNA into a host cell.
10

Which statement best explains why the process of genetic engineering is important to the scientific community?

A
Genetic engineering provides crops that are less expensive to grow.
B
Genetic engineering is a research tool that can advance the usefulness of recombinant DNA.
C
Genetic engineering provides an increased cost to laboratory work resulting in more advances.
D
Genetic engineering can enhance the taste of food for consumers.
11

The results of Thomas Hunt Morgan’s last cross are shown in the Punnett square below. Which of Thomas Hunt Morgan's hypotheses was valid based on these results?

Question illustration
A
White eyes are lethal in female Drosophila.
B
White eyes are lethal in male Drosophila.
C
Female Drosophila with white eyes are homozygous recessive.
D
White eyes are the dominant trait in female Drosophila.
12

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder that is passed through generations and can be traced by using a pedigree. In the pedigree that is shown, which represents Irene's allele combination?

Question illustration
A
XhXh
B
XHXh
C
XHXH
D
XhY
13

Parkinson’s disease is a brain disorder that may be caused by mutations in several genes that code for the production of alpha-synuclein. Individuals who have Parkinson’s disease exhibit symptoms such as uncontrollable tremors, difficulty walking, and loss of coordination. How might geneticists determine where the mutations that cause Parkinson’s disease are located?

A
PCR analysis
B
gene mapping
C
DNA fingerprinting
D
STR analysis
14

Which is a potential negative consequence of using genetically engineered medicine?

A
Gene markers that are resistant to antibiotics are used, providing the possibility for humans to have increased antibiotic resistance.
B
Products that are used to genetically engineer medicine are poisonous.
C
Restriction enzymes are used to create the medicine and have been known to cause cancer.
D
Medicine that is created this way is less effective than medicine that is created the traditional way.

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