AnswersW Geography_B_ICUrban Planning and Design

Urban Planning and Design — Cumulative exam Answers

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1
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Which of the following explanations most likely accounts for Latin America’s failed transition to democracy, in contrast with the United States’ successful one?

A
The US had a history of peaceful transitions of power and self-government, but Latin America did not.
B
The US immediately provided universal suffrage for all citizens, and Latin America did not.
C
Most citizens of Latin American countries did not choose to vote, making elections difficult.
D
Latin American leaders were unable to agree on written constitutions.
2
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Segregation and separation of classes in American urban environments occurs because of __________.

A
the deterioration of urban spaces and human decisions based on discrimination
B
natural urban growth patterns
C
the declining numbers of obsolete neighborhoods
D
black codes and Jim Crow laws
3

The historic movement of upper-class and Caucasian populations out of US inner cities has been nicknamed __________.

A
class diffusion
B
class migration
C
white flight
D
white transference
4

Agricultural products that are produced extremely long distances from the US can be sold in American markets today due to __________.

A
little demand for fruit and produce existing year-round
B
speeds of transportation being decreased
C
refrigeration and preservation techniques being improved
D
fewer Americans being engaged in farming
5

Which of the following was not a factor that contributed to the growth of factories in the United States during the Industrial Revolution?

A
technology
B
an increase in the number of farmers providing food
C
improved energy sources
D
innovations in production
6

In places where arable land is scarce, houses are built close together and farmers tend to travel out to their farmland from town. These types of places are called __________ settlements.

A
nucleated
B
arable
C
dispersed
D
epicenter
7

Which of the following is not a barrier to economic development?

A
foreign debt
B
political stability
C
widespread disease
D
low levels of social welfare
8

When a population’s birth rate equals its death rate, there is __________ population growth.

A
low
B
zero
C
high
D
moderate
9

What explains the increase in London’s population from 958,863 in 1801 to 4,776,661 in 1881?

A
The Agricultural Revolution led to increases in agricultural production and resulted in a greater rural population.
B
Widespread disease and poor sanitation severely impacted London’s population in the early 1800s: it did not rebound until the late 1800s due to improved nutrition.
C
The Industrial Revolution created more jobs and resulted in a greater urban population.
D
Immigration to London from New York City sparked a massive population increase.
10

One of the primary reasons that governments seek to encourage population growth in their country is to __________.

A
increase the social status of women
B
improve the standard of living for the population
C
reduce pressure on natural resources, such as land
D
address the challenges created by an aging population
11

Which of the following statements about women in most developing economies is false?

A
Women are more likely to work in the informal sector of the economy.
B
Women are more likely to be poor.
C
Women cite balancing career and family as their most important professional goal.
D
Women are more likely than men to be at risk for hunger.
12

Which of the following statements about ethnic and religious conflict in Africa is false?

A
African nations typically have peaceful transitions of power, but leaders have been unable to quell ethnic violence.
B
States created during European colonization had tremendous religious and ethnic diversity.
C
Ethnic conflict has led to genocide in some cases.
D
European borders gave little respect to traditional tribal and ethnic boundaries.
13

A head of __________ directly manages a country by making decisions and wielding power.

A
government
B
monarchy
C
theocracy
D
state
14

Which of the following statements best describes the changes in American cities from 1900 to 2000?

A
During the early 1900s, the populations of US cities located in the South were the highest, but by 2000, these populations began to decline as people began to move to cities on the East Coast.
B
During the early 1900s, the populations of US cities located on the West Coast were the highest, but by 2000, the populations of cities located in the Midwest became greater than those of the East Coast.
C
During the early 1900s, the populations of US cities located on the East Coast were the highest, but by 2000, these populations began to decline as people began to move to cities on the West Coast.
D
During the early 1900s, the populations of US cities located in the Midwest were the highest, but by 2000, the populations of cities located in the West became greater than those of the Midwest.
15

Agricultural consumption refers to __________.

A
the types of food we eat
B
the types of farms we have
C
the amount of rainfall we receive
D
the amount of money we get from a sale
16

When geographers study an environment's __________ capacity, they study the population that can be sustained by the environment's resources.

A
governmental
B
carrying
C
urban
D
natural
17

Which of the following analyses best summarizes the relationship between the built environment and the natural environment?

A
The built environment has an impact on the natural environment.
B
The natural environment has an impact on the built environment.
C
The built and natural environments have impacts on each other.
D
The built and natural environments do not influence each other.
18

Which of the following statements best characterizes the opportunities available to people worldwide during the past 20 years?

A
People of all races, genders, and ethnicities have experienced equal opportunities.
B
People from some ethnic, racial, and gender groups have chosen to limit their own opportunities.
C
Many people have been barred from opportunities based on race, gender, or ethnicity.
D
Many people have been treated unfairly because of their ethnicity but not because of gender or race.
19

The __________ is notable because of developments in hybrid strains.

A
First Agricultural Revolution
B
Second Agricultural Revolution
C
Green Revolution
D
Industrial Revolution
20

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between cities and the development of trade?

A
Cities were crucial to the development of guilds and trade associations.
B
Cities became centers for collecting regional products and importing foreign products.
C
Cities encouraged civic participation through open locations for assembly.
D
Cities became centers of education and sports as job specialization encouraged more leisure time.

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