Answers53040de1 ECAD Fall 2026 - Q2 - Psychology - S1Experimental Design

Experimental Design Answers

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1
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Which of the following statements about extraneous variables is not accurate?

A
An extraneous variable can also be a confounding variable.
B
An extraneous variable clarifies the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
C
An extraneous variable can alter the results of an experiment in an undesired way.
D
An extraneous variable cannot be the same as an independent variable.
2
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Describe the difference between convenience sampling and quota sampling.

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3

Which of the following is a disadvantage of conducting a laboratory experiment?

A
Cause-and-effect relationships are easier to determine in laboratory experiments.
B
Laboratory experiments do not generally reflect real-life circumstances.
C
There is more objectivity in measuring the dependent variable in laboratory experiments.
D
Replicating the study is difficult for laboratory experiments.
4

The control group in an experimental study will __________.

A
be excluded from the results of the experiment if they contradict the hypothesis
B
receive no treatment during the experiment
C
be informed at the outset of the experiment that they are the control group
D
receive the same treatment as the experimental group
5

Read the hypothesis below and answer the question that follows. Individuals who smoke will have a higher frequency of developing cancer later in life. Which of the following would not be a potential extraneous variable for the stated hypothesis?

A
the occurrence of lung cancer in subjects
B
exposure to secondhand smoke
C
the amount of cigarettes smoked per day by subject
D
the number of years as a smoker
6

What is the difference between an independent and a dependent variable?

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7

Explain the reason why random sampling is preferred in psychological studies.

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8

Which of the following is an example of convenience sampling?

A
intentionally surveying a population of men about football preferences instead of women in order to focus more on the male response
B
a dentist surveying patients about toothpaste preference
C
taking data from a random selection of people across the country on television program preferences
D
surveying college students from ten different universities on academic rigor over ten years
9

Compare and contrast extraneous variables with confounding variables.

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10

What is the difference between the control group and the experimental group in an experimental study?

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