Explain two ways in which early psychological research was biased and give an example of this bias in psychology.

Answer:

Early psychological research was often biased because it focused mainly on men and generalized findings from them to women. It was also culturally and racially biased when it treated white participants’ experiences as universal. For example, researchers might study only white male college students and then claim their findings described human behavior generally, without testing whether the results applied to women or people from other cultural groups.