Nonverbal Communication: Touch, Voice, and Environment Answers

Touch ethics are a person’s beliefs and expectations about what kinds of touch are appropriate, and when and with whom touch is acceptable. They are typically influenced by culture, personal experience, age, gender, the relationship between the people, and the situation or setting.

Back-channel cues are brief verbal or nonverbal signals listeners use to show that they are paying attention and following a speaker, without interrupting or taking over the conversation. Three examples are nodding, saying “uh-huh,” and maintaining responsive eye contact.

Territoriality is the way people claim, mark, or defend a space they consider their own. For example, someone may place a backpack on a chair to show that the seat is taken.

The physical environment can affect how comfortable, attentive, or social people feel. For example, a crowded, noisy room may make conversation difficult and cause people to speak louder. A quiet, comfortable classroom can help students focus, while an uncomfortably cold room may distract them.

The embrace and hand on her shoulder communicate comfort, sympathy, and support. The woman is reassuring her friend while she appears upset.

A person’s voice can communicate emotion during a job interview. For example, speaking with a shaky voice, a hesitant pace, and a higher pitch may show nervousness, while a steady, warm tone may communicate confidence.