AnswersCUSD Psychology 5.0Reinforcement and Punishment

Reinforcement and Punishment Answers

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4

Compare negative reinforcement and positive punishment.

Answer:

Negative reinforcement strengthens a behavior by removing something unpleasant after the behavior. Positive punishment weakens a behavior by adding something unpleasant after the behavior.

6

Describe the difference between continuous reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement.

Answer:

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Continuous reinforcement occurs when a specific response is reinforced each time the response occurs. Partial or intermittent reinforcement occurs when a specific response is reinforced only some of the time that the response occurs.

14

Explain the difference between an interval schedule of reinforcement and a ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Answer:

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: In an interval schedule of reinforcement, a certain period of time must pass between reinforcements. For example, if the interval is five minutes, then the first successful demonstration of the target behavior after five minutes will be rewarded. No other target behaviors will be rewarded until another five minutes have passed, and then the next demonstration will receive a reinforcement. In a ratio schedule of reinforcement, a certain number of successful demonstrations of the target behavior must occur before reinforcement is provided. For example, if the ratio is four, then reinforcement will be given on the fourth example of a successful demonstration of the target behavior. Responses may vary, but should include some or all of the following information: In an interval schedule of reinforcement, a certain period of time must pass between reinforcements. For example, if the interval is five minutes, then the first successful demonstration of the target behavior after five minutes will be rewarded. No other target behaviors will be rewarded until another five minutes have passed, and then the next demonstration will receive a reinforcement. In a ratio schedule of reinforcement, a certain number of successful demonstrations of the target behavior must occur before reinforcement is provided. For example if the ratio is four, then on the fourth example of a successful demonstration of the target behavior, reinforcement will be given.

20

Compare positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.

Answer:

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: In both positive and negative reinforcement, the target behavior is encouraged. The method of encouragement is the difference between the two. In positive reinforcement, a pleasant consequence is added as a result of the behavior. In negative reinforcement, an unwanted or unpleasant consequence is removed as a result of the behavior. Responses may vary, but should include some or all of the following information: In both positive and negative reinforcement, the target behavior is encouraged. The method of encouragement is the difference between the two. In positive reinforcement, a pleasant consequence is added as a result of the behavior. In negative reinforcement, an aversive, or unpleasant, consequence is removed as a result of the behavior.

25

Compare positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.

Answer:

Positive reinforcement increases a behavior by adding a desirable consequence after it. Negative reinforcement increases a behavior by removing or preventing an unpleasant consequence.

26

Describe the difference between continuous reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement.

Answer:

Continuous reinforcement provides reinforcement every time the behavior occurs, while intermittent reinforcement provides reinforcement only on some occasions when the behavior occurs.

27

Explain the difference between an interval schedule of reinforcement and a ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Answer:

An interval schedule provides reinforcement after a specified or changing amount of time has passed, whereas a ratio schedule provides reinforcement after a specified or changing number of responses.

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