Topic Test Answers

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What traits make up Hans Eysenck’s higher-order traits?

A
psychoticism, humanism, and neuroticism
B
neuroticism, introversion, and adventurism
C
introversion, psychoticism, and extraversion
D
extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism
2
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According to Sigmund Freud, speech or hearing errors that reveal someone’s unconscious thoughts or feelings are called __________.

A
Freudian slips
B
archetypes
C
defense mechanisms
D
psychoanalytic abnormalities
3

Trait perspective aims to explain personality in terms of behavioral patterns.

A
T
B
F
4

The disparity between what one personally experiences and one’s self-perception is called _________.

A
incongruence
B
congruence
C
anxiety
D
inconsistent
5

Under the humanistic perspective, which theory is the belief that human beings have a hierarchy of needs?

A
theory of self-actualization
B
person-centered theory
C
social learning theory
D
social cognitive theory
6

Which statement best describes a hierarchy of traits?

A
a structured progression of personality
B
a structured progression of needs
C
when self-concepts match experiences
D
when specific behaviors are reinforced
7

The parenting style that can be described as restrictive and controlling is called __________.

A
authoritarian
B
permissive
C
neglectful
D
authoritative
8

Ariel, who secretly disliked the new girl, sat down beside the girl in class, complimented her outfit, and was friendlier to her than any of the other students. This defense mechanism is called __________.

A
rationalization
B
reaction formation
C
projection
D
displacement
9

Psychologist __________ believed that a person's willingness to attempt any task was directly related to one’s level of self-efficacy.

A
B. F. Skinner
B
Sigmund Freud
C
Carl Rogers
D
Albert Bandura
10

The authoritative parent can be described as __________ and __________.

A
restrictive . . . controlling
B
unrealistic . . . soft
C
lenient . . . inconsistent
D
firm . . . flexible
11

A personality assessment is an instrument used to measure personality characteristics or to identify personality disorders.

A
T
B
F
12

One source error is __________, and one of its solutions is having a lie scale inserted into the assessment.

A
social desirability bias
B
deliberate deception
C
response bias
D
response set
13

Behavioral personality theorists used B.F. Skinner's concepts of ___________ to explain personality.

A
operant conditioning
B
classical conditioning
C
observational learning
D
social cognitive theory
14

Although methods in determining one’s personality are not perfect, research on the Big Five has supported the validity of trait perspective.

A
T
B
F
15

All of the following are considered a higher-order trait in Hans Eysenck's hierarchy of traits except ____________.

A
pyschoticism
B
extraversion
C
neuroticism
D
introversion
16

Additional support for biological influences on personality is established through research based in ___________ theory.

A
trait
B
three-factor model
C
person-centered
D
evolutionary

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