Topic Test Answers

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1
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Counseling psychologists typically handle severe psychological disorders.

A
T
B
F
2
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Which of the following is not an example of a cognitive process?

A
memory
B
dreams
C
perception
D
sleep
3

The stream of consciousness refers to the elements in a person’s conscious mind that act as discontinuous individual components. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
4

A psychologist working from the biological perspective would study all of the following to see how they affect behavior and cognitive processes except __________.

A
attention
B
brain cells
C
genes
D
the nervous system
5

Cognitive psychologists believe that cognitive processes must be studied in order to understand human behavior fully. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
T
B
F
6

Psychologists avoid studying emotions because they have little impact on behavior.

A
T
B
F
7

Free association and dream analysis are techniques used in psychoanalysis to discover a person’s unconscious urges.

A
T
B
F
8

Sports psychologists study factors that affect athletes’ participation and performance in sports.

A
T
B
F
9

Ethnocentrism can lead to all the following except __________.

A
tolerance
B
stereotypes
C
racism
D
discrimination
10

Mamie Clark was the first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology in the United States.

A
T
B
F
11

Psychologists working from the humanistic perspective help people do all of the following except __________.

A
explore their feelings
B
repress unwanted emotions
C
manage negative impulses
D
realize their potential
12

Ivan Pavlov introduced the concept of __________ when he taught a dog to salivate at the sound of a tuning fork.

A
reinforcement
B
unconsciousness
C
conditioning
D
reward
13

In a paragraph, compare and contrast psychologists and psychiatrists.

Answer not available
14

Psychology is considered a social science, yet it has foundations in the natural sciences.

A
T
B
F
15

Which of the following statements about the psychodynamic perspective is not true?

A
Early childhood experiences are considered important for understanding behavior.
B
Psychodynamic psychologists focus more on self-awareness and self-direction.
C
Sexual and aggressive impulses are the primary focus in the psychodynamic perspective.
D
Focus is on helping people understand how unconscious drives affect conscious choices.
22

Explain two reasons why women and minorities were excluded from psychology.

Answer:

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Women and minorities were excluded from early psychology for a variety of reasons. One reason that women were excluded was due to social expectations. Women were expected to conform to a female role that entailed learning domestic skills, getting married, and having children. Another reason why women and minorities were excluded is because of limited academic opportunities. Numerous schools did not allow the admittance of women or minorities into their graduate programs. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Women and minorities were excluded from early psychology for a variety of reasons. One reason that women were excluded was due to social expectations. Women were expected to conform to a female role that entailed learning domestic skills, getting married, and having children. Another reason why women and minorities were excluded is because of limited academic opportunities. Numerous schools did not allow the admittance of women or minorities into their graduate programs.

24

Who conducted the doll experiment, and how did this experiment contribute to the civil rights movement in the United States?

Answer:

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The doll experiment was conducted by Kenneth and Mamie Clark. Their experiment suggested that, due to segregation, African American children preferred white dolls, attributed more positive characteristics to white dolls, and felt inferior. This experiment played an important role in the desegregation of American schools and was even cited in the landmark US Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, which was an important event in the civil rights movement. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The doll experiment was conducted by Kenneth and Mamie Clark. Their experiment suggested that, due to segregation, African American children preferred white dolls, attributed more positive characteristics to white dolls, and felt inferior. This experiment played an important role in the desegregation of American schools and was even cited in the landmark US Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, which was an important event in the civil rights movement.

30

Students who study psychology or obtain a degree in psychology can gain many valuable skills. What are two skills one can gain from studying psychology?

Answer:

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Studying psychology can help one gain critical thinking skills, problem solving skills, and interpersonal skills.

31

The psychologist known for being the first woman of Mexican descent to receive a doctoral degree in psychology in the US and for helping establish the National Hispanic Psychological Association is __________.

A
Mamie Clark
B
Margaret Floy Washburn
C
Mary Whiton Calkins
D
Martha Bernal
32

An increase in __________ has allowed new perspectives and branches to emerge in psychology, such as educational psychology and neuropsychology.

A
scientific research
B
educational institutions
C
interdisciplinary studies
D
current events

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