Bill, a sports fan who has cheered, screamed out angrily, and cried while watching his favorite team play in a championship basketball game, will most likely have experienced an increase in all the following hormones except __________.

Cheering, shouting, and feeling intense emotions during a championship game can activate the body’s arousal and stress responses, increasing hormones such as epinephrine, cortisol, and sometimes testosterone. Melatonin is mainly associated with regulating sleep and is not expected to rise because of this excitement. Therefore, the exception is melatonin, choice B.

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